Relationship between visual impairment and school entrance age in rural China.

CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Children with uncorrected visual impairment have lower scores on various motor and cognitive tests. Exploring the association between visual impairment and school entrance age among school children in rural China may assist in enhancing the visual health of early-entry school students. BACKGROUND: Educational pressures may play a role in the visual health of students. School entrance age is associated with educational pressures. This study explored whether school entrance age can contribute to visual impairment among younger generations. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 17,510 students from 252 primary schools in two prefectures in western China. Information on the sampled students was collected through questionnaires and vision examinations. The relationship between visual impairment and school entrance age was further analysed by multiple regression. The school entrance age was classified as early-entry and late-entry, early-entry was defined as students entering school at the age 6 years. RESULTS: The results showed that the myopia rate of early-entry students (26.92%) was higher than late-entry students (23.86%). Multiple regression showed that visual impairment increased with the earlier age of school entry (P = 0.044). The prevalence of myopia was also significantly higher in higher grades for children of the same age. The prevalence of myopia in 10-year-old and 11-year-old fourth- and fifth-grade students was 20.6% to 30.5%, 21.7% to 27.4% (P < 0.001). The near work with eyes was significantly different among children of the same age in different grades during this study (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Myopia is related to the school entrance age of children. Children who start school earlier are more likely to suffer from myopia. Educational pressures and digital screens may play a role in the association. Changes in the current education mode by reducing the study burden in the early years of learning may be significant.

Neural adaption in midbrain GABAergic cells contributes to high-fat diet-induced obesity.

Overeating disorders largely contribute to worldwide incidences of obesity. Available treatments are limited. Here, we discovered that long-term chemogenetic activation of ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) GABAergic cells rescue obesity of high-fat diet-induced obesity (DIO) mice. This was associated with the recovery of enhanced mIPSCs, decreased food intake, increased energy expenditure, and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) browning. In vivo calcium imaging confirmed vlPAG GABAergic suppression for DIO mice, with corresponding reduction in intrinsic excitability. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing identified transcriptional expression changes in GABAergic cell subtypes in DIO mice, highlighting Cacna2d1 as of potential importance. Overexpressing CACNA2D1 in vlPAG GABAergic cells of DIO mice rescued enhanced mIPSCs and calcium response, reversed obesity, and therefore presented here as a potential target for obesity treatment.

Dissection of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis neuronal subtypes in feeding regulation.

The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) plays an important role in feeding regulation through projections to other brain areas. However, whether functional distinctions exist within different BNST cells is not clear. Here, we found optogenetic activation of LH-projecting BNST neurons induced aversion and significantly reduced consumption of normal chow but not high-fat diets (HFD). In contrast, photoactivation of vlPAG-projecting BNST neurons induced place preference and promoted HFD intake, without affecting normal chow consumption. Moreover, optogenetic silencing of LH-projecting BNST neurons reduced the consumption of normal chow in fasted mice, while photoinhibition of vlPAG-projecting BNST neurons decreased the consumption of HFD in both fed and fasted mice. We then labeled the LH- and vlPAG-projecting BNST neurons using retroAAV-GFP and retroAAV-mCherry, respectively, and found these two populations of neurons have different anatomical distribution and electrophysiological properties. Taken together, we identified vlPAG-projecting and LH-projecting BNST neurons are two distinct populations of cells with significant differences in functional and anatomic characteristics.

Safety of COVID-19 vaccine in patients with myasthenia gravis: a self-controlled case series study.

Background: The safety of COVID-19 vaccines has been clarified in clinical trials; however, some immunocompromised patients, such as myasthenia gravis (MG) patients, are still hesitant to receive vaccines. Whether COVID-19 vaccination increases the risk of disease worsening in these patients remains unknown. This study aims to evaluate the risk of disease exacerbation in COVID-19-vaccinated MG patients. Methods: The data in this study were collected from the MG database at Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, and the Tertiary Referral Diagnostic Center at Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, from 1 April 2022 to 31 October 2022. A self-controlled case series method was applied, and the incidence rate ratios were calculated in the prespecified risk period using conditional Poisson regression. Results: Inactivated COVID-19 vaccines did not increase the risk of disease exacerbation in MG patients with stable disease status. A few patients experienced transient disease worsening, but the symptoms were mild. It is noted that more attention should be paid to thymoma-related MG, especially within 1 week after COVID-19 vaccination. Conclusion: COVID-19 vaccination has no long-term impact on MG relapse.

Landscape analysis of m6A modification regulators related biological functions and immune characteristics in myasthenia gravis.

BACKGROUND: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification has been recognized to play fundamental roles in the development of autoimmune diseases. However, the implication of m6A modification in myasthenia gravis (MG) remains largely unknown. Thus, we aimed to systematically explore the potential functions and related immune characteristics of m6A regulators in MG. METHODS: The GSE85452 dataset with MG and healthy samples was downloaded from Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. m6A modification regulators were manually curated. The targets of m6A regulators were obtained from m6A2Target database. The differential expressed m6A regulators in GSE85452 dataset were identified by "limma" package and were validated by RT-PCR. Function enrichment analysis of dysregulated m6A regulators was performed using "clusterProfiler" package. Correlation analysis was applied for analyzing the relationships between m6A regulators and immune characteristics. Unsupervised clustering analysis was used to identify distinct m6A modification subtypes. The differences between subtypes were analyzed, including the expression level of all genes and the enrichment degree of immune characteristics. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was conducted to obtain modules associated with m6A modification subtypes. RESULTS: We found that CBLL1, RBM15 and YTHDF1 were upregulated in MG samples of GSE85452 dataset, and the results were verified by RT-PCR in blood samples from19 MG patients and 19 controls. The targeted genes common modified by CBLL1, RBM15, and YTHDF1 were mainly enriched in histone modification and Wnt signaling pathway. Correlation analysis showed that three dysregulated m6A regulators were closely associated with immune characteristics. Among them, RBM15 possessed the strongest correlation with immune characteristics, including CD56dim natural killer cell (r = 0.77, P = 0.0023), T follicular helper cell (r = - 0.86, P = 0.0002), Interferon Receptor (r = 0.78, P = 0.0017), and HLA-DOA (r = 0.64, P = 0.0200). Further two distinct m6A modification patterns mediated by three dysregulated m6A regulators was identified. Bioinformatics analysis found that there were 3029 differentially expressed genes and different immune characteristics between two m6A modification patterns. Finally, WGCNA analysis obtained a total of 12 modules and yellow module was the most positively correlated to subtype-2. CONCLUSION: Our findings suggested that m6A RNA modification had an important effect on immunity molecular mechanism of MG and provided a new perspective into understanding the pathogenesis of MG.

Reanalysis of ribosome profiling datasets reveals a function of rocaglamide A in perturbing the dynamics of translation elongation via eIF4A.

The quickly accumulating ribosome profiling data is an insightful resource for studying the critical details of translation regulation under various biological contexts. Rocaglamide A (RocA), an antitumor heterotricyclic natural compound, has been shown to inhibit translation initiation of a large group of mRNA species by clamping eIF4A onto poly-purine motifs in the 5' UTRs. However, reanalysis of previous ribosome profiling datasets reveals an unexpected shift of the ribosome occupancy pattern, upon RocA treatment in various types of cells, during early translation elongation for a specific group of mRNA transcripts without poly-purine motifs over-represented in their 5' UTRs. Such perturbation of translation elongation dynamics can be attributed to the blockage of translating ribosomes due to the binding of eIF4A to the poly-purine sequence in coding regions. In summary, our study presents the complete dual modes of RocA in blocking translation initiation and elongation, which underlie the potent antitumor effect of RocA.

High indirect bilirubin levels as an independent predictor of postoperative myasthenic crisis: a single-center, retrospective study.

Background: Thymectomy is an efficient and standard treatment strategy for patients with myasthenia gravis (MG), postoperative myasthenic crisis (POMC) is the major complication related to thymectomy and has a strongly life-threatening effect. As a biomarker, whether the bilirubin level is a risk factor for MG progression remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between the preoperative bilirubin level and postoperative myasthenic crisis (POMC). Methods: We analyzed 375 patients with MG who underwent thymectomy at Tangdu Hospital between January 2012 and September 2021. The primary outcome measurement was POMC. The association between POMC and bilirubin level was analyzed by restricted cubic spline (RCS). Indirect bilirubin (IBIL) was divided into two subgroups based on the normal upper limit of IBIL, 14 µmol/L. Results: Compared with non-POMC group, IBIL levels were significantly higher in patients with POMC. Elevated IBIL levels were closely associated with an increased risk of POMC (p for trend = 0.002). There was a dose-response curve relationship between IBIL levels and POMC incidence (p for non-linearity = 0.93). However, DBIL levels showed a U-shaped association with POMC incidence. High IBIL level (≥14 µmol/L) was an independent predictive factor for POMC [odds ratio = 3.47, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.56-7.8, p = 0.002]. The addition of high IBIL levels improved the prediction model performance (net reclassification index = 0.186, 95% CI: 0.039-0.334; integrated discrimination improvement = 0.0345, 95% CI: 0.005-0.065). Conclusion: High preoperative IBIL levels, especially those exceeding the normal upper limit, could independently predict the incidence of POMC.

Oxymatrine Alleviates Gentamicin-Induced Renal Injury in Rats.

Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic commonly used to treat Gram-negative bacterial infections that possesses considerable nephrotoxicity. Oxymatrine is a phytochemical with the ability to counter gentamicin toxicity. We investigated the effects and protective mechanism of oxymatrine in rats. The experimental groups were as follows: Control, Oxymatrine only group (100 mg/kg/d), Gentamicin only group (100 mg/kg/d), Gentamicin (100 mg/kg/d) plus Oxymatrine (100 mg/kg/d) group (n = 10). All rats were treated for seven continuous days. The results indicated that oxymatrine alleviated gentamicin-induced kidney injury, and decreased rats' kidney indices and NAG (N-acetyl-beta-d-glucosaminidase), BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and CRE (creatine) serum levels. The oxymatrine-treated group sustained less histological damage. Oxymatrine also relived gentamicin-induced oxidative and nitrative stress, indicated by the increased SOD (superoxidase dismutase), GSH (glutathione) and CAT (catalase) activities and decreased MDA (malondialdehyde), iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase) and NO (nitric oxide) levels. Caspase-9 and -3 activities were also decreased in the oxymatrine-treated group. Oxymatrine exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory effect on gentamicin-induced kidney injury, down-regulated the Bcl-2ax and NF-κB mRNAs, and upregulated Bcl-2, HO-1 and Nrf2 mRNAs in the kidney tissue. Our investigation revealed the renal protective effect of oxymatrine in gentamicin-induced kidney injury for the first time. The effect was achieved through activation of the Nrf2/HO-1 pathways. The study underlines the potential clinical application of oxymatrine as a renal protectant agent for gentamicin therapy.

Knowledge mapping of targeted immunotherapy for myasthenia gravis from 1998 to 2022: A bibliometric analysis.

Background: The treatment of myasthenia gravis (MG) has advanced from steroids and traditional immunosuppressants to targeted immunotherapy. Targeted immunotherapy has been successfully employed in clinical practice in recent years. This study aimed to explore the emerging trend of targeted immunotherapy in MG and summarize the knowledge structure through bibliometric methods. Methods: The Web of Science Core Collection database (WoSCC) was chosen to retrieve the literature on targeted immunotherapy for MG. Two bibliometric analysis software, VOSviewer and CiteSpace, and bibliometric online platform were mainly used to evaluate the contributions from countries/regions, institutions, journals, and authors through the construction and visualization of bibliometric networks. By systematically reviewing a knowledge domain, future research developments were determined. The R version 4.1.2 and Microsoft Excel 365 were used for statistical analysis. Results: A total of 562 original articles and 262 reviews relevant to MG targeted immunotherapy were included. The number of publications on targeted immunotherapy for MG exhibited a two-phase advancement. The first stage showed a steady growth trend from 1998 to 2016, with an annual number of no more than 35 publications. The second stage revealed an explosive growth trend from 2017, reaching a peak number of publications in 2020. The United States ranked first in the number of publications, citations, and h-index. The author with the highest citation and h-index was Vincent A. And 28.03% of the articles were published in the top 10 journals. In addition to "myasthenia gravis", the keyword with the highest consideration was "rituximab", followed by "double-blind", which indicate research hotspots gradually from basic research to clinical research over time, especially in the field of targeted immunotherapy. The MG treatment has entered a personalized precision treatment phase. Exploration into new target molecules and conducting high-quality randomized controlled trials on existing biological agents are the further research direction. Conclusion: The current study summarized the global research trends concerning targeted immunotherapy for MG. Research interests gradually advanced from basic research to clinical research. MG treatment has entered a personalized precision treatment phase. Further investigations into new target molecules and high-quality randomized controlled trials on existing biological agents are required urgently to direct future immunotherapy research.

Glycosides and Their Corresponding Small Molecules Inhibit Aggregation and Alleviate Cytotoxicity of Aß40.

Polyphenols are the class of naturally synthesized compounds in the secondary metabolism of plants, which are widely distributed in fruits and vegetables. Their potential health treatment strategies have attracted wide attention in the scientific community. The abnormal aggregation of Aß to form mature fibrils is pathologically related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, inhibiting Aß40 fibrillogenesis was considered to be the major method for the intervention and therapy of AD. Glycosides, as a cluster of natural phenolic compounds, are widely distributed in Chinese herbs, fruits, and vegetables. The inhibitory effect of glycosides (phloridzin, salidroside, polydatin, geniposide, and gastrodin) and their corresponding small molecules (phloretin, 4-hydroxyphenyl ethanol, resveratrol, genipin, and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol) on Aß40 aggregation and fibrils prolongation, disaggregation against mature fibrils, and the resulting cytotoxicity were studied by systematical biochemical, cell biology and molecular docking techniques, respectively. As a result, all inhibitors were observed against Aß40 aggregation and fibrils prolongation and disaggregated mature Aß40 fibrils in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, the cell validity experiments also showed that all inhibitors could effectively alleviate the cytotoxicity induced by Aß40 aggregates, and the glycoside groups played important roles in this inhibiting process. Finally, molecular docking was performed to study the interactions between these inhibitors and Aß40. Docking showed that all inhibitors were bound to the similar region of Aß40, and glycoside group formed hydrogen bonds with the pivotal residues Lys16. These results indicated that the glycoside groups could increase the inhibitory effects and reduce cytotoxicity. Glycosides have tremendous potential to be developed as an innovative type of aggregation inhibitor to control and treat neurodegenerative diseases.

Design of metalloenzyme mimics based on self-assembled peptides for organophosphorus pesticides detection.

Organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) detection has attracted considerable attention because of the extensive application of OPs. In this research, non-toxic and high-performance metalloenzyme mimics of Zn2+-bonding peptides were developed by obtaining inspiration from phosphotriesterase (PTE) and nanofiber formation. Furthermore, based on the electrochemical activity of p-nitrophenol (PNP), the electrochemical sensor of metalloenzyme mimics was developed. By examining the effect of the active sites of peptides and fibril formation on the degradation of OPs, the optimal metalloenzyme mimic was selected. Furthermore, optimal metalloenzyme mimics were combined with NiCo2O4 to develop an electrochemical sensor of OPs. By monitoring square wave voltammetry (SWV) signals of PNP degraded from OPs, the amounts of OPs in actual samples could be determined in 15 min. We discovered that both the active sites of α metal and ß metal were required for metalloenzyme mimics; Zn2+ promoted peptide fibrosis and especially acted as a cofactor for degrading OPs. Compared to traditional methods, the electrochemical sensor of metalloenzyme mimics was sensitive, reliable, and non-toxic; furthermore, the detection limit of methyl paraoxon was as low as 0.08 µM. The metalloenzyme mimics will be a promising material for detecting OPs in the food industry and environment fields.

A substantia innominata-midbrain circuit controls a general aggressive response.

Although aggressive behaviors are universal and essential for survival, "uncontrollable" and abnormal aggressive behaviors in animals or humans may have severe adverse consequences or social costs. Neural circuits regulating specific forms of aggression under defined conditions have been described, but how brain circuits govern a general aggressive response remains unknown. Here, we found that posterior substantia innominata (pSI) neurons responded to several aggression-provoking cues with the graded activity of differential dynamics, predicting the aggressive state and the topography of aggression in mice. Activation of pSI neurons projecting to the periaqueductal gray (PAG) increased aggressive arousal and robustly initiated/promoted all the types of aggressive behavior examined in an activity-level-dependent manner. Inactivation of the pSI circuit largely blocked diverse aggressive behaviors but not mating. By encoding a general aggressive response, the pSI-PAG circuit universally drives multiple aggressive behaviors and may provide a potential target for alleviating human pathological aggression.

Enzyme mimics based membrane reactor for di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate degradation.

Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), the most abundantly used plasticizer, was considered to be a hazardous chemical that was difficult to be degraded naturally. In this study, inspired by the "catalytic triad'' in serine proteases, an enzyme mimic material was developed by combining the proteases's active sites of serine, histidine and aspartate (S-H-D) with the self-assembling sequence of LKLKLKL and the aromatic group of fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl (Fmoc). By mixing the monomer of peptides containing separate S, H and D residues with a ratio of 2:1:1, the enzyme mimics were found to co- assemble into nanofibers (Co-HSD) and showed the highest activity towards DEHP degradation because of the synergistic effects of active sites, orderly secondary structure and stable molecular conformation. To further improve ability and applicability, the high active mimetic enzyme was immobilized onto regenerated cellulose (RC) membranes for DEHP degradation in a continuous recycling mode. The RC membranes were first functionalized by the NaIO4 oxidation method to form aldehyde groups and then conjugated with the enzyme mimics via Schiff-base reaction. As a biocatalytic membrane, this membrane could not only effectively degrade DEHP, but also showed good stability, thus establishing a promising biomaterial for large scale biodegradation of DEHP in water decontamination and liquid food depollution.

Digital PCR is a sensitive new technique for SARS-CoV-2 detection in clinical applications.

The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has posed great challenges in people's daily lives. Highly sensitive laboratory techniques played a critical role in clinical COVID-19 diagnosis and management. In this study the feasibility of using a new digital PCR-based detection assay for clinical COVID-19 diagnosis was investigated by comparing its performance with that of RT-PCR. Clinical patient samples and samples obtained from potentially contaminated environments were analyzed. The study included 10 patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnoses, 32 validated samples of various types derived from different clinical timepoints and sites, and 148 environmentally derived samples. SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acids were more readily detected in respiratory tract samples (35.0%). In analyses of environmentally derived samples, the positivity rate of air samples was higher than that of surface samples, probably due to differences in virus concentrations. Digital PCR detected SARS-CoV-2 in several samples that had previously been deemed negative, including 3 patient-derived samples and 5 environmentally derived samples. In this study digital PCR exhibited higher sensitivity than conventional RT-PCR, suggesting that it may be a useful new method for clinical SARS-CoV-2 detection. Improvement of SARS-CoV-2 detection would substantially reduce the rates of false-negative COVID-19 test results, in particular those pertaining to asymptomatic carriers.

Enzyme mimics based on self-assembled peptides for di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate degradation.

Enzyme mimics have been developed by imitating and incorporating specific features of native enzymes to achieve catalytic activity, and are expectedly comparable to that of native enzymes. Here, inspired by the "catalytic triad" in serine proteases, a series of peptide-based enzyme mimics were designed to follow the rational design principle of peptides via self-assembly, and were further applied in the degradation of di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP). The relationship of the structure of enzyme mimics with their degradation activity was analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, and computational modeling. These results show that the hydrophobic skeleton, amino acid sequence, species, and periodic distribution have important effects on the structure of the peptide sequence and the number of hydrogen bonds; in addition, pH can also affect the self-assembly characteristics of peptides and the formation of stable fibers, which are all closely linked to the catalytic activity of the enzyme mimics. The self-assembled peptides had a stable fibrous morphology and secondary structure after the DEHP degradation assay. The enzyme mimics with high catalytic activity constructed from the self-assembled peptides may provide guidance for the future degradation of DEHP in food packaging or water treatment, and also give insights into the design of enzyme mimics in other related fields.

Fluorescent methylammonium lead halide perovskite quantum dots as a sensing material for the detection of polar organochlorine pesticide residues.

Methylammonium lead halide perovskite quantum dots (MAPB-QDs) have been widely used for photovoltaic devices due to their special electronic structures. In this work, MAPB-QDs were used for the first time to detect polar organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) based on the phenomenon that the fluorescence spectra of MAPB-QDs were blue-shifted in the presence of polar OCPs. Furthermore, 1H NMR, FTIR, XPS and XRD were performed first to illustrate the sensing mechanism. In the presence of polar OCPs, the MAPB-QDs' capping ligands, oleic acid (OA) and oleylamine (OAm), were replaced with OCPs and then the chlorine element was adequately doped into QDs, resulting in the increase of the MAPB-QDs' bandgap. As result of the insufficient stability of MAPB-QDs in the presence of moisture, MAPB-QDs were mixed with PDMS and used as the colorimetric cards for fast detection of OCPs in real samples.

Neural Regulation of Feeding Behavior.

Food intake and energy homeostasis determine survival of the organism and species. Information on total energy levels and metabolic state are sensed in the periphery and transmitted to the brain, where it is integrated and triggers the animal to forage, prey, and consume food. Investigating circuitry and cellular mechanisms coordinating energy balance and feeding behaviors has drawn on many state-of-the-art techniques, including gene manipulation, optogenetics, virus tracing, and single-cell sequencing. These new findings provide novel insights into how the central nervous system regulates food intake, and shed the light on potential therapeutic interventions for eating-related disorders such as obesity and anorexia.

Hydroxycinnamic Acid from Corncob and Its Structural Analogues Inhibit Aß40 Fibrillation and Attenuate Aß40-Induced Cytotoxicity.

The aggregation of amyloid-ß protein (Aß) is deemed a vital pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Hence, inhibiting Aß aggregation is noticed as a major tactic for the prevention and therapy of AD. Hydroxycinnamic acid, as a natural phenolic compound, is widely present in plant foods and has several biological activities including anti-inflammation, antioxidation, and neuroprotective effects. Here, it was found that hydroxycinnamic acid and its structural analogues (3-hydroxycinnamic acid, 2-hydroxycinnamic acid, cinnamic acid, 3,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, 2,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid, and 3,4,5-trihydroxycinnamic acid) could inhibit Aß40 fibrillogenesis and reduce Aß40-induced cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Among these small molecules investigated, 3,4,5-trihydroxycinnamic acid is considered to be the most effective inhibitor, which reduces the ThT fluorescence intensity to 30.79% and increases cell viability from 49.47 to 84.78% at 200 µM. Also, the results with Caenorhabditis elegans verified that these small molecules can ameliorate AD-like symptoms of worm paralysis. Moreover, molecular docking studies showed that these small molecules interact with the Aß40 mainly via hydrogen bonding. These results suggest that hydroxycinnamic acid and its structural analogues could inhibit Aß40 fibrillogenesis and the inhibition activity is enhanced with the increase of phenolic hydroxyl groups of inhibitors. These small molecules have huge potential to be developed into novel aggregation inhibitors in neurodegenerative disorders.

Core Fucosylation of Intestinal Epithelial Cells Protects Against Salmonella Typhi Infection via Up-Regulating the Biological Antagonism of Intestinal Microbiota.

The fucosylated carbohydrate moieties on intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) are involved in the creation of an environmental niche for commensal and pathogenic bacteria. Core fucosylation catalyzed by fucosyltransferase 8 (Fut8) is the major fucosylation pattern on the N-glycans of the surface glycoproteins on IECs, however, the role of IECs core fucosylation during infection remains unclear. This study was conducted to investigate the interaction between IECs core fucosylation and gut microbiota, and the effects of this interaction on protecting Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) infection. Firstly, the Fut8 +/+ and Fut8 +/- mice were infected with S. Typhi. The level of IECs core fucosylation and protein expression of intestinal mucosa were then detected by LCA blot and Western blot, respectively. The gut microbiota of Fut8 +/+ and Fut8 +/- mice before and after S. Typhi infection was assessed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Our results showed that core fucosylation was ubiquitous expressed on the intestinal mucosa of mice and had significant effects on their gut microbiota. Fut8+/- mice was more susceptive to S. Typhi infection than Fut8+/+ mice. Interestingly, infection of S. Typhi upregulated the core fucosylation level of IECs and increased the abundances of beneficial microorganisms such as Lactobacillus and Akkermansia spp. Further in vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway mediated the elevation of IECs core fucosylation level upon infection of S. Typhi. Taken together, our data in this study revealed that the IECs core fucosylation plays an important role in protecting against S. Typhi infection via up-regulating the biological antagonism of intestinal microbiota.